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World Suicide Prevention Day 2024 was observed on September 10. This year’s theme, “Creating Hope Through Action”, emphasises the importance of taking proactive steps to support individuals in crisis and foster a sense of hope within communities.

The day serves as a crucial reminder of the collective responsibility to provide care, support, and understanding to those struggling with mental health challenges.

In recent years, Kenya has witnessed a worrying increase in suicides, cutting across all ages, genders, and social classes.

The once-taboo subject is now a stark reality confronting our nation. Despite efforts to build a robust mental health infrastructure, the rise in suicide rates highlights systemic failures that must be urgently addressed.

Data from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics shows that between 2021 and 2023, suicide rates have surged, with cases reported almost daily.

Yet, behind these statistics are heartbreaking stories of despair, isolation, and hopelessness. The reasons vary – from unemployment, economic pressures, and family breakdowns to the untreated or undiagnosed mental health conditions that afflict so many.

Kenya’s socioeconomic landscape has drastically shifted over the last decade. Rapid urbanisation, job losses due to the pandemic, inflation, and increased social pressures have compounded the mental stress experienced by citizens.

The rising cost of living has placed many under the crushing weight of financial instability. Without sufficient coping mechanisms, many people turn to self-destructive behaviours, with suicide being the most tragic manifestation.

Additionally, the breakdown of traditional social structures has left many, especially the youth, without proper emotional or community support.

In rural areas, where extended families once provided a buffer during tough times, isolation and economic hardships are pushing many to the edge. This is further exacerbated by the absence of effective coping mechanisms or professional mental health services.

One of the most pressing concerns is the lack of adequate mental health services. In many parts of the country, accessing professional mental health care remains a luxury. We have too few psychiatrists, therapists, and counsellors. Coupled with the stigma surrounding mental illness, many people in distress suffer in silence.

We cannot ignore the role that technology plays in this crisis either. Social media, while a useful tool for communication, has also become a breeding ground for cyberbullying, creating a toxic environment that has driven young people to depression and, tragically, suicide.

The glorification of unattainable lifestyles online only deepens feelings of inadequacy.

First, there needs to be an urgent review of Kenya’s mental health policies, including a budget increase for mental health services.

The current mental health bill must be accompanied by a comprehensive implementation plan that makes therapy affordable and accessible, especially for vulnerable groups.

Second, we must invest in public awareness campaigns. The shame and stigma around seeking help for mental health issues still linger in many communities.

We need to normalise conversations around mental health, providing safe spaces for those in need to seek help without fear of judgment.

Third, the government, civil society, and religious organisations must collaborate to provide community-based support systems. Traditional family structures that used to offer emotional support have eroded, and in their absence, we must create alternative systems for people to lean on in times of crisis.

Lastly, we need to create a holistic approach that addresses the root causes of suicide, including poverty alleviation programmes, job creation initiatives, and counselling services at schools and workplaces. Mental health support should not be reactive; it must be proactive, integrated into all aspects of our daily lives.

The increasing suicide rates in Kenya are a wake-up call. It is time we confront the issue with the seriousness it demands.

We need to ensure that no one feels that taking their life is the only solution. It is within our power to change this narrative – if only we act now.
— The writer is a PhD student in
International Relations