Whenever the topic of nuclear energy is discussed, it elicits mixed emotions among the public. While some view it as the key to powering human progress and innovation, others cannot help but recall the catastrophic failures of nuclear plants like Chernobyl and Fukushima.

Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, there has been consistent growth in energy demand globally. Fossil fuels are currently the primary method of meeting this demand. Various governments are considering alternative energy sources because of costs and the environmental impact of these fuels. While renewable energy options such as hydroelectric, solar, and wind power are promising, they still have a long way to go to meet our current and future energy needs.

In Kenya, the pursuit of alternative energy sources is not a fad and nuclear energy is under consideration. The concept of adopting nuclear arose during the tenure of President Mwai Kibaki. Its inclusion in the Vision 2030 plan underscored its significance as a pivotal factor in economic development. In 2020, a policy directive incorporated nuclear power as a viable technological option in the national energy policy, solidifying the full embracement of this energy source.

Kenya has shown strong interest in nuclear power by revealing its intention to build a $5 billion nuclear power plant. Public-private partnerships and a US nuclear agreement will enable this. The proposed facility will start with a capacity of 1,000 megawatts, following a build, operate, and transfer model. The power plant will be commissioned by 2027 and expanded to 4,000 megawatts by 2035.

As a nation, we need to interrogate if we are ready to accommodate nuclear energy plants and if it is the answer to our energy needs or a disaster waiting to happen. The potential benefits of nuclear power, such as reduced reliance on fossil fuels and a more stable energy supply, have fuelled the government’s determination to make this vision a reality.

The primary concerns surrounding nuclear energy are safety, waste management, and total expense. Contrary to popular belief, nuclear energy is very safe. In comparison, the use of fossil fuels compared with nuclear energy causes more deaths worldwide.

While nuclear power has the technology necessary to generate energy on a large scale, it also presents challenges such as toxic nuclear waste. Nuclear waste is typically buried or stored in containers, unlike emissions from coal plants. This containment helps to minimiase the greenhouse effect and has a positive impact on the atmosphere. Since 1976, it is estimated that nuclear power has averted the release of 64 gigatons of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. This underscores the substantial potential for nuclear energy to contribute to the mitigation of climate change.

Nuclear waste is highly toxic and can remain hazardous for thousands of years. Only a few countries can safely store and dispose of this waste, leading to the creation of extensive areas of land that are unsuitable for human habitation. As Kenya sets out on this endeavour, it is important to proceed with caution regarding the potential environmental impact of the plant, especially given the country’s expanding population.

The risk of a nuclear meltdown is a constant concern, as evidenced by major accidents such as Chernobyl in the Soviet Union and Fukushima in Japan. These incidents have had long-term negative impacts on the surrounding areas, highlighting the potential dangers of nuclear power. Responsible governmental authorities should conduct comprehensive feasibility studies to ensure the safety of the population when embracing nuclear power.

Despite the risks associated with nuclear energy, it cannot be denied that it has the potential to provide a significant source of clean and efficient power. The key lies in finding ways to improve safety measures and prevent disasters from occurring in the future. With advancements in technology and stricter regulations in place, nuclear energy could play a crucial role in reducing carbon emissions and combating climate change.

— The writer is an Innovations Evangelist and a PhD Candidate; [email protected]